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章学诚（1738-1801），字实斋，号少岩，会稽县道墟人，方志学家。他是中国古典史学的终结者、方志学奠基人，有“浙东史学殿军”之誉，曾主讲定州定武、保定莲池书院，并为南北各地主修地方志多部，倡“六经皆史”之论，其《文史通义》是清中叶著名的学术理论著作。章学诚故居在塔山下。

章学诚仕途坎坷，一生中七次应试，三次乡试只中副榜，直到，四十岁才中乡试，第二年考中进士，但自以为性情迂疏，不敢入仕。

章学成虽有史学特长，但始终没有受到执政者注重，只能靠在各书院主讲史学和为地方“修志”为生。乾隆四十六年（1781），他去河南，不料中途遇盗，其四十四岁以前的著作文稿也被抢走，包括《校雠通义》原稿四卷。虽几位至友之前抄录了部分文章，但这次文稿被劫，对章学诚造成巨大打击。现存的《校雠通义》已非“原版本”。为汲取教训，此后他每次的撰著，必请人代抄一本留存。

章学诚的代表作《文史通义》是一部纵论文史、品评古今学术的著作，可与刘知几的《史通》媲美，合称为史学理论上的“双璧”，最终改编《宋史》未成。在达官阮元、谢启昆的经济支持下，章学诚耗费二十年时间，写成巨著《史籍考》，但最终没有出版。章学诚病逝于清嘉庆六年（1801），享年63岁，直到道光十二年（1832），他的次子华绂才在开封第一次刊印了八卷，同时还刊印了《校雠通义》三卷。

Zhang Xuecheng(1738), styled himself as Shi Zhai and had pen-name Shao Yan, was born in the third year of Qianlong in Qing Dynasty. He was a local chronicler, born in Daoxu, Shangyu County, Shaoxing. He was the greatest man of Chinese classical historiography and the founder of local chronicles. He had the reputation of "the fourth person of eastern Zhejiang historiography". He once lectured in Dingwu College of Dingzhou and Lianchi College of Baoding, and fixed the chorography for the North and South Local Chronicle Museum. He advocated the theory that "all six classics are history". His General Meaning of Literature and History was a famous academic theoretical work in the middle of Qing Dynasty.

Zhang Xuecheng had a bumpy road in academic career, and he took the exam seven times in his life. He only won the vice list after attending the imperial examinations three times. He didn't pass the imperial examinations until he was forty years old. He was awarded scholar (Jinshi) the next year, but he was a pedantic person and didn’t dare to enter the officialdom. Despite Zhang Xuecheng’s expertise in historiography, he had never been put in an important position by the administrators. He made a living by giving lectures on history in various academies and fixing chorography in different regions. In the forty-sixth year of Qianlong's reign (1781), he went to Henan. He was stolen during the journey, and his manuscripts before the age of forty-four were all taken away, including the four volumes of the original manuscript of Jiao Chou Tong Yi. Although his several close friends transcribed some articles before, this robbery was a great blow to Zhang Xuecheng. The existing Jiao Chou Tong Yi was no longer the original version. He learned a lesson from this experience, and he would ask someone to make a copy and kept it every time he wrote.

Zhang Xuecheng's masterpiece General Meaning of Literature and History was a book that analyzed literature and history, evaluated academic works, ancient and modern. It can be compared with Liu Zhiji's Shi Tong. And the two books were hailed as two jades in historiography. The adaptation of the History of Song was failed. With the financial support of the dignitaries Ruan Yuan and Xie Qikun, the masterpiece Shi Ji Kao, which took him twenty years to finish, was not published in the end. Zhang Xuecheng died of illness in the sixth year of Jiaqing of Qing Dynasty (1801) at the age of 63. It was not until the twelfth year of Daoguang of Qing Dynasty (1832) that the eight volumes of Shi Ji Kao were published by his second son Hua Fu for the first time in Kaifeng. And at the same time, three volumes of Jiao Chou Tong Yi were published.

장학성은 청나라 건륭 3년(1738)에 태어났으며, 자는 실재, 호는 소암이다. 소흥부의 상우 도허(上虞道墟)사람이며 지방 지리 학자(方志学家)이다. 그는 중국 고전사학의 종결자이자 지방지리의 기초를 닦은 사람이로 "절동 사학 전군(浙东史学殿军)"이라는 명성을 가지고 있으며 정주정무(定州定武), 보정연지(保定莲池)서원을 강의하였고 아울러 남북방지방관에서 지방지리(地方志)를 전공하였다. 육경개사(六经皆史)" 론을 제창하였으며 그중"문사통의(文史通义)"는 청나라 중엽의 유명한 학술이론의 저서이다.

장학성은 벼슬길이 험난하여 일곱 번 시험에 응시하고 세 번 향시에 보결로 겨우 합격하여 마흔이 되어서야 향시에 합격하고 이듬해 진사시에 급제하였으나 스스로 성정이 고리타분하여 감히 벼슬에 들어갈 수 없다고 여겼다.

장학성은 비록 사학에 특기가 있지만, 끝까지 집권자의 중시를 받지 못하고, 오직 각 서원에서 사학을 강의하고 지방을 위해 뜻을 닦으며 살아갈 수밖에 없었다. 건륭 46년(1781), 그는 하남(河南)으로 갔다가 뜻밖에 도중에 도둑을 만나 《교정통의(校雠通义)》 원고 4권을 포함해 44세 이전에 썼던 저서와 원고를 빼앗겼다. 비록 몇몇 절친한 친구들이 전에 일부 원고를 다시 썼지만 이 사건은 장학성에게 큰 타격을 주었다. 현존하는 "교정통의"는 이미" 원판본"이 아니다. 그때의 교훈으로 이후 그는 매번 저술할 때마다 반드시 다른 사람에게 부탁하여 한 권씩 대필하여 보존하도록 하였다.

장학성의 대표작 "문사통의"는 문학과 사학을 아무런 구속없이 자유롭게 논하고 고금의 학술을 품평한 저서로, 유지지(刘知几)의" 역사통"과 필적할 수 있으며 사학 이론상의 "쌍벽"으로 불린다. 하지만 최종적으로" 송사"를 개편하지는 못하였다. 달관 완원(阮元), 사계곤(谢启昆)의 경제적 지원 하에 장학성은 20년의 시간을 들여 대작 "사적고"를 썼으나, 최종적으로 출판하지 않았다. 장학성은 청나라 가경(嘉庆) 6년(1801)에 63세의 나이로 병사하였는데, 도광(道光) 12년(1832)에 이르러서야 그의 둘째 아들 화불(华绂)이 개봉에서 처음으로 여덟 권을 인쇄하였고, 동시에 "교정통의" 세 권도 인쇄하였다.

章学誠は清乾隆三年（1738）に生まれ、字実斎、号少岩、紹興府上虞道墟人、方志学者。彼は中国古典史学の終結者、方志学の創立者で、「浙江東史学の殿軍」の誉れがあり、かつて定州定武、保定蓮池書院を主講し、そして南北方志館のために地方志を専攻し、「六経皆史」の論を提唱し、その『文史通義』は清中葉の有名な学術理論著作である。

章学誠は不遇な出世の道で、一生の中で7回の受験、3回の郷試はただ副ランクに合格した。40歳になってやっと郷試に合格し、翌年の進士に合格したが、自分では気がまわらないと思っていたので、仕事に入る勇気がなかった。

章学成は歴史学の特技を持っていたが、執権者から重視されず、各書院で歴史学を主唱し、地方のために「志を修める」ことで生計を立てていた。乾隆四十六年（1781）、彼は河南省に行ったが、途中で盗みに遭い、44歳までの著書の原稿も奪われた。『校正通義』の原稿四巻を含む。何人かの至友は以前に一部の文章を書き写したが、今回原稿が盗まれ、章学誠に大きな打撃を与えた。現存する「校正通義」はすでに「元のバージョン」ではない。その教訓をくみ取るために、以後は毎回、書き物の代わりに一冊写してもらった。

章学誠の代表作『文史通義』は文史を概論し、古今の学術を品評する著作で、劉知幾の『史通』に匹敵し、合わせて歴史学理論上の「双璧」と称され、最終的に『宋史』を改編することはできなかった。達官の阮元、謝啓昆の経済的支援のもと、章学誠は二十年の歳月をかけて、大著『史籍考』を書き上げたが、結局出版されなかった。章学誠は清嘉慶6年（1801）に病死し、享年63歳であったが、道光12年（1832）に至って、彼の次男華エクイティは開封の第一回目に八巻を刊行し、同時に『校正通義』の三巻を刊行した。