绍兴有戏 ·
绍兴古城故事汇

蕺山书院，位于蕺山南岗，王羲之故宅戒珠讲寺之后，源于南宋乾道年间，是韩琦六世孙韩度从相州（今河南安阳一带）南渡定居越州后隐居讲学的地方，后称“相韩旧塾”。明朝末年，创建“证人书院”，也称蕺山书院，理学大师刘宗周在此讲学创立蕺山学派，人称蕺山先生。

刘宗周，初名宪章，字启东，号念台，明末山阴人，万历二十九年（1601）进士，27岁任行人司行人之后，历经万历、天启、崇祯三朝，三起三落，虽出仕几十年，但一生真正当官只有四年多。他为人刚正不阿，敢于上疏直谏、力陈时弊，力图挽救时局，先后上疏30余道，但无奈权臣当道，屡受排挤。弘光元年（1645）六月十三（7月6日），杭州失守，潞王降清，刘宗周听到这个消息后效法伯夷叔齐，开始绝食。清兵攻陷绍兴之后，刘宗周拒绝向清军投降，决心与城池共存亡，最终，绝食二十三天而死。

刘宗周三次革职为民后隐居读书，把学问转向“心学”，提出“慎独”理论和“敬诚”学说，对阳明心学做了较大修正。

清初，稽山书院一度改成老神庙，康熙五十五年（1716）绍兴知府俞卿捐俸银赎回，又增建前堂、外轩、两芜共14楹，并购置学田13亩。清代末叶，在蕺山书院的旧址创办了山阴县学堂，辛亥革命烈士徐锡麟曾任堂长，造就了一批革命人才。

Jishan Academy, located in Nangang, Jishan, after Wang Xizhi’s former residence Jiezhu Temple, originated in the Southern Song Dynasty during the Qiandao period. It was the place where Han Qi's sixth grandson Han Du settled in Xiangzhou (now Anyang, Henan Province) and then lived and taught in Yuezhou. At that time, it was called "Xianghan Old School". At the end of the Ming Dynasty, the "Zhengren Academy" was established, also known as the Jishan Academy. The great master of Neo-Confucianism Liu Zongzhou founded the Jishan School here to give lectures.

Liu Zongzhou, the early name Xianzhang, word Qidong, also known as Niantai, a native of Shanyin in the late Ming Dynasty. He was a Jinshi in the 29th year of Wanli (1601), after being a pedestrian at the age of 27, he went through the three dynasties of Wanli, Tianqi, and Chongzhen, with three ups and downs. Although he had been an official for several decades, he only served as an official for more than four years. He is upright and upright, daring to speak up and tell the truth, trying to save the current situation. He went on more than 30 times, but he had no choice but to be in power, repeatedly excluded. In the first year of Hongguang (1645), on June 13 (July 6), Hangzhou fell and King Lu surrendered to the Qing Dynasty. Liu Zongzhou followed Bo Yi Shu Qi's example and started hunger strike. After the Qing army captured Shaoxing, Liu Zongzhou refused to surrender to the Qing army. He was determined to live and die with the city. In the end, he died on a hunger strike for 23 days.

Liu Zongzhou retired from office for three times and studied in seclusion. He turned his learning to "the study of mind" and put forward the theory of "careful independence" and the theory of "respect for sincerity", which greatly revised Yangming's study of mind.

At the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, the Jishan Academy was once changed into an old temple. In the fifty-fifth year of Kangxi (1716), Yu Qing, the prefate of Shaoxing, donated money to redeem it, and built 14 new houses, including the Front Hall, the Waixuan and the Liangwu, and purchased 13 mu of learning land. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, the Shanyin County Academy was founded on the site of the Hushan Academy. The 1911 Revolutionary Martyr Xu Xilin served as the head of the school and created a group of revolutionary talents.

즙산서원은 즙산 남강. 왕희지의 생가인 계주강사(啓珠講寺)의 뒤를 이어 남송 건도(乾道)시대에 유래한 것으로, 한기 6세손 한도가 상주(尙州, 지금의 하남 안양 일대)에서 월주로 건너와 은둔한 뒤 강의하던 곳으로, '상한구숙(相韓舊淑)'이라 불렸다. 명말 증인서원(證人書院)을 세워 즙산서원이라고도 했는데, 이학의 대가인 유종주(劉宗周)가 이곳에 즙산학파를 세워 제자들을 가르쳤다.

유종주, 초명은 헌장(初名憲章), 자는 계동(啓東), 호는 염대(念臺)로 명말 산음 사람이다. 만력29년(1601) 진사(進士), 27세에 행사의 행인이 된 후 만력(萬歷), 천계(天啓), 숭정(崇貞) 삼조를 거쳐서 삼중삼락(三落)하여 몇 십년 동안 벼슬을 했지만 일생동안 진정으로 벼슬을 한 것은 4년 남짓이다. 그는 사람됨이 강직하여 과감히 상소를 올려 직언하고 병폐를 힘써 진술하여 시국을 구하려고 노력하여 30여 개의 상소를 올렸으나 권신들의 횡포로 여러 번 배척당했다. 홍광 원년(1645년) 6월 13일(7월 6일) 항주가 함락되고 노왕이 청나라에 투항했다는 소식을 듣고 유종주는 백이숙제를 본받아 단식을 시작하였다. 청나라 군이 소흥을 함락시키자 유종주는 청나라 군에 투항하하는 것을 거부하고 성과 생사를 함께 할것을 다짐하고 23일간 단식 끝에 죽었다.

유종주는 세 번이나 면직당하여 평민이 된 후 은둔하여 학문을 '심학'으로 전향하여 '신독(愼獨)' 이론과 '경성(敬誠)' 학설을 내세우며 양명심학을 크게 바꾸었다.

청나라 초에 계산서원은 한때 옛 신당으로 바꾸었으나 강희 55년(1716)에 소흥지부 유경이 은을 기부하여 되찾았고 또 전당과 외헌을 증축하여 모두 14묘를 새로 짓고 학전 13묘를 샀다. 청나라 말엽 즙산서원의 옛터에 산음현학당을 설립하였고 신해혁명 열사 서석린이 당장을 역임하여 혁명 인재들을 양성하였다.

蕺山書院は、蕺山の南崗にあった、王義之の旧宅、戒珠講寺の後、南宋の乾道年間に、韓琦6世の孫韓度が相州（今の河南安陽あたり）から南に渡り越州に定住して隠居して講義していた場所で、「相韓旧塾」と呼ばれていた。明代末、「証人書院」を創建した。蕺山書院とも呼ばれていた理学の劉宗周が蕺山学派を創設し、講義していた。

劉宗周、初名憲章、字啓東、号念台、明末山陰人、万暦二十九年（1601）進士、27歳で通行人司通行人になってから、万暦、天啓、崇禎の三朝を経て、起伏三回、出世は数十年であったが、生涯で本当に役人になるのは四年余りしかなかった。彼の人となりは剛直で、敢えて直言し、時弊を陳情し、時局を救おうと努め、前後して30余道を上告したが、いかんせん権臣が道を担い、しばしば排除された。弘光元年（1645）六月十三（7月6日）、杭州が陥落し、明の潞王が清に降伏したが、これを聞いた劉宗周は伯夷叔斉にならってハンストを始めた。清兵が紹興を攻め落とした後、劉宗周は清軍への投降を拒否し、城とともに存亡することを決意し、ついにハンスト二十三日で死んだ。

劉宗周は三回、民の首になって隠居して読書し、学問を「心学」に転向し、「慎独」理論と「敬誠」学説を提出し、陽明心学に大きな修正を加えた。

清朝の初め、蕺山書院は一度古い神殿に改装し、康熙五十五年（1716）紹興知府兪卿は俸給銀を寄付して償還し、また前堂、外軒、両蕪の計14カランダを増築し、そして学田13ムーを購入した。清代末、ドクダミ書院の跡地に山陰県学堂が創設された。辛亥革命烈士の徐錫麟が堂長を務め、革命的な人材を生み出した。